Glossary of Stone Masonry Terms
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A handy reference for homeowners.
Aggregate __ stone or other hard materials that are mixed into concrete to impart strength.
Building Stone __ any mortared stone with an installed thickness of 5" to 7" or more. Includes dry stack and stone with mortared joints.
Capstone __ the finishing stone that forms the top of a column or wall.
Cement __ a powder made by heating limestone and other materials and used as an ingredient in concrete and mortar.
Concrete __ a mixture of Portland cement, sand and aggregate used for footings, flatwork and driveways.
Course __ a horizontal row of stone on which the next row is built.
Cultured Stone® __ a manufactured concrete product that comes in different styles and is sold as corner pieces and flat pieces 1½" to 2" thick. Simulates the look of building stone with corner pieces.
Dry Stack __ building stone fitted very tightly with no visible mortar; also called stack or stacked stone.
Fieldstone __ unquarried stone found in fields and used in its natural state; can sometimes be quite colorful.
Flagstone __ any flat stone (generally 1" to 3" thick) used for patios and walks; installed in either random or cut pattern design.
Flatwork __ any stone installed on a walkable surface.
Footing __ a concrete substructure used as a solid base for any kind of masonry.
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